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Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis and quantum Jarzynski relation for pure initial states.

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Summary
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Researchers investigated the Jarzynski equality in isolated quantum systems. The study found the equality holds accurately even when starting from pure states, not just thermal states.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum thermodynamics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium physics

Background:

  • The Jarzynski equality is a fundamental concept in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, relating equilibrium free energy differences to non-equilibrium work distributions.
  • Existing derivations typically assume the system starts in a thermal Gibbs state, limiting applicability to certain initial conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the validity of the Jarzynski equality for driven isolated quantum systems starting from pure states.
  • To explore work distributions beyond the standard thermal equilibrium assumption.

Main Methods:

  • Studied a non-integrable quantum ladder model.
  • Initiated the system from pure states close to energy eigenstates of the initial Hamiltonian.
  • Analyzed the work distributions under non-equilibrium driving protocols.

Main Results:

  • The Jarzynski equality was found to be fulfilled to a good accuracy.
  • Demonstrated that the equality's validity extends to systems initialized in pure states near energy eigenstates.
  • Work distributions were characterized for these non-equilibrium quantum systems.

Conclusions:

  • The Jarzynski equality is more broadly applicable than previously thought, extending to isolated quantum systems initialized in pure states.
  • This finding has implications for understanding non-equilibrium thermodynamics in quantum systems.
  • The study provides a more general framework for applying fluctuation theorems in quantum regimes.