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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Alterations in Blood Pressure01:30

Alterations in Blood Pressure

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Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions' classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
Hypertension occurs when blood pressure readings consistently exceed the normal range. It is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (the top number, indicating pressure while the heart...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion
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[Arterial hypertension and prediabetes].

Patricia Boned Ombuena1, Enrique Rodilla Sala2, José Antonio Costa Muñoz2

  • 1Unidad de Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular, Hospital de Sagunto, Sagunto, Valencia, España.

Medicina Clinica
|August 31, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Hypertensive patients at higher risk for new-onset diabetes can be identified early. Key risk factors include obesity, family history of diabetes, and elevated baseline glucose levels.

Keywords:
Arterial hypertensionEstado prediabéticoHipertensión arterialMetabolic syndromePrediabetic stateSíndrome metabólico

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
  • Early identification of individuals at risk for developing new-onset diabetes is crucial for preventative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors associated with the development of new-onset diabetes in hypertensive patients undergoing primary prevention.
  • To assess the predictive value of baseline characteristics and follow-up modifications on diabetes incidence.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective follow-up study of 2588 non-diabetic, hypertensive patients.
  • Data collected over 15053 patient-years, with a median follow-up of 3.4 years.
  • Cox proportional hazard models used to analyze risk factors for new-onset diabetes.

Main Results:

  • The incidence rate of new-onset diabetes was 2.21 per 100 patient-years.
  • Key predictors identified: components of metabolic syndrome (excluding blood pressure and glucose), family history of diabetes, and baseline glucose ≥110 mg/dl.
  • Blood pressure control at the end of the study reduced the risk of new diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Factors predicting new-onset diabetes in hypertensive patients are identifiable at the start of follow-up.
  • Obesity, family history of diabetes, and high baseline glucose levels significantly increase diabetes risk.
  • Effective blood pressure management can mitigate the risk of developing diabetes.