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Biomarkers in cardiovascular disease: Statistical assessment and section on key novel heart failure biomarkers
Ravi Dhingra1, Ramachandran S Vasan1
1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, E5/582C, MC 5710, Madison, WI 53792.
Insights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers are crucial for early detection and improved outcomes. This review focuses on evaluating the clinical utility and incremental yield of novel CVD biomarkers, rather than listing all available ones.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Biomarker Research
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global cause of mortality, with increasing prevalence linked to an aging population.
- Atherosclerotic CVD develops over time, necessitating early detection and intervention strategies.
- Advances in biomarker research have enhanced CVD screening, diagnosis, and treatment, leading to better clinical outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight key statistical and clinical issues in evaluating the incremental yield and clinical utility of CVD biomarkers.
- To provide an overview of novel heart failure biomarkers currently under scrutiny for clinical adoption.
- To emphasize the importance of assessing biomarker utility before widespread clinical implementation.
Main Methods:
- Review of statistical and clinical methodologies for assessing biomarker incremental yield.
- Summary of current research on novel heart failure biomarkers.
- Focus on clinical utility as a prerequisite for biomarker adoption.
Main Results:
- The review emphasizes the need for rigorous evaluation of novel biomarkers' clinical utility.
- Key statistical and clinical issues in biomarker assessment are highlighted.
- Emerging heart failure biomarkers are discussed in the context of their potential clinical impact.
Conclusions:
- Evaluating the incremental yield and clinical utility of biomarkers is essential before their integration into clinical practice.
- Continued research into novel CVD and heart failure biomarkers is necessary to improve patient outcomes.
- A focus on practical application and rigorous validation will guide the future use of biomarkers in cardiovascular medicine.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide and continues to increase in prevalence compared to previous decades, in part because of the aging of the world population. Atherosclerotic CVD starts at a very young age and progresses over time allowing sufficient time for screening and early detection of the condition. Advances in biomarker research and developments related to CVD over the past 30 years have led to more sensitive screening methods, a greater emphasis on its early detection and diagnosis, and improved treatments resulting in more favorable clinical outcomes in the community. However, the use of biomarkers for different purposes in CVD remains an important area of research that has been explored by scientists over the years and many new developments are still underway. Therefore, a detailed description of all CVD biomarkers that are currently been used or investigated for future use in the field of cardiovascular medicine is out of scope for any review article. In the present review, we do not intend to replicate the information from previous exhaustive review on biomarkers, but highlight key statistical and clinical issues with an emphasis on methods to evaluate the incremental yield of biomarkers, including their clinical utility, a prerequisite before any putative novel biomarker is utilized in clinical practice. In addition, we will summarize information regarding recent novel heart failure biomarkers in current practice, which are undergoing scrutiny before they can be available for clinical use, and their impact on clinical outcomes.
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