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[Infections of non-prosthetically treated joints].

O Hauschild1, N P Südkamp2

  • 1Department Chirurgie Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland. oliver.hauschild@uniklinik-freiburg.de.

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift Fur Alle Gebiete Der Operativen Medizen
|September 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Septic arthritis requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to reduce complications. Current best practices involve joint fluid analysis for diagnosis and immediate antibiotic therapy with joint drainage for treatment.

Keywords:
Bacterial arthritisDrug therapyEpidemiologySeptic arthritisSurgical therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Septic arthritis is a critical orthopedic emergency demanding swift diagnosis and treatment.
  • Prompt intervention is vital to mitigate severe morbidity and mortality associated with joint infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on best practices for diagnosing and treating septic arthritis in both adult and pediatric populations.
  • To provide an overview of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for septic arthritis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review evaluating existing evidence on septic arthritis diagnostics and treatment.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria including patient history, clinical findings, laboratory results, and imaging.
  • Assessment of treatment modalities such as antibiotic therapy and joint drainage.

Main Results:

  • Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen, though others exist. Diagnosis relies on integrating clinical data with joint fluid analysis.
  • Treatment involves immediate antibiotic therapy and joint drainage; arthroscopic lavage is standard in Germany.
  • Optimal antibiotic regimens and drainage methods require further high-quality research. Corticosteroid use in adults remains unclear.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing septic arthritis effectively.
  • While Staphylococcus aureus is prevalent, diagnosis requires a multi-faceted approach, with joint fluid analysis being key.
  • Further research is needed to define optimal treatment protocols, including antibiotic strategies and drainage techniques.