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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacokinetics01:24

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Cholinergic antagonists—such as antimuscarinics—are available in oral, topical, ocular, parenteral, and inhalational formulations. Most antimuscarinics are oral formulations,  while scopolamine is available as a topical patch, and ipratropium and tiotropium are available as inhalation aerosols or powders. Atropine, tropicamide, and cyclopentolate are topically instilled in the eye. Most antimuscarinics are lipid-soluble and readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Respiratory Tract: Ipratropium, aclidinium, and tiotropium treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They protect against bronchoconstriction caused by irritants like cigarette smoke, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. They also help reduce nasopharyngeal...
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Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors
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Itch Management: Topical Agents.

Martin Metz, Petra Staubach

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    |September 1, 2016
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Topical therapies are essential for managing chronic pruritus (itching) in various skin conditions. Effective treatment involves basic skin care, disease-specific agents, and antipruritic substances for symptom relief.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Pruritology
    • Topical Therapeutics

    Background:

    • Chronic pruritus affects patients with inflammatory skin diseases, dry skin, and sensitive skin.
    • Topical therapy is crucial for managing pruritus symptoms, regardless of the underlying cause.
    • Effective topical treatment requires addressing skin barrier defects and hydration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize topical agents used in the treatment of chronic pruritus.
    • To highlight the multifaceted role of topical therapies in managing itching.
    • To provide an overview of basic, disease-specific, and antipruritic topical treatments.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of topical agents for chronic pruritus.
    • Synthesis of information on basic skin care, disease-specific treatments, and antipruritic substances.
    • Categorization of topical therapies based on their function in pruritus management.

    Main Results:

    • Optimal basic topical therapy repairs skin barrier defects and rehydrates the skin.
    • Disease-specific topical therapy, such as anti-inflammatory agents for atopic dermatitis, is vital for inflamed skin.
    • Specific antipruritic substances can alleviate itching across different underlying conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • A comprehensive topical treatment strategy is necessary for effective chronic pruritus management.
    • The combination of basic, disease-specific, and antipruritic topical agents offers a multi-pronged approach.
    • Topical therapies are indispensable for achieving symptom control in patients experiencing chronic itching.