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DNA Topoisomerases

DNA Topoisomerases

Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types. ...

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Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Functional Cloning Using a Xenopus Oocyte Expression System

Functional Cloning Using a Xenopus Oocyte Expression System

Published on: January 30, 2016

Recent advances in universal TA cloning methods for use in function studies.

Shuo Yao¹, Darren J Hart², Yingfeng An¹

¹College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.

Protein Engineering, Design & Selection : PEDS

|September 1, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

T-vector-based TA cloning is a simple, efficient method for gene cloning and DNA library construction. Recent advancements focus on universal TA cloning and novel T-vectors for enhanced protein function studies.

Keywords:

T-vector TA cloning directional cloning high-throughput cloning protein expression

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Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Functional Cloning Using a Xenopus Oocyte Expression System

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Published on: January 30, 2016

Using Mouse Oocytes to Assess Human Gene Function During Meiosis I

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Identification of Functional Protein Regions Through Chimeric Protein Construction

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Published on: January 8, 2019

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

T-vector-based TA cloning is a widely adopted, efficient method for gene cloning and DNA library construction.
Its suitability for high-throughput cloning of diverse DNA fragments, irrespective of sequence knowledge, makes it valuable for protein structure and function analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent developments in universal TA cloning methods.
To highlight novel T-vectors engineered for advanced function studies.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on T-vector-based TA cloning techniques.
Analysis of novel T-vector variants and their applications.

Main Results:

TA cloning offers a simple and efficient approach for gene cloning and library construction.
Emerging T-vectors possess enhanced functionalities beyond basic cloning.

Conclusions:

Universal TA cloning methods and advanced T-vectors are expanding the utility of this technique.
These developments facilitate high-throughput protein structure and function studies.