Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

4.1K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
4.1K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

5.3K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.3K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

5.8K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
5.8K
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

2.7K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
2.7K
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

14.8K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
14.8K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

2.9K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
2.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Determinants of Infant Participation and Non-Participation in Primary Prevention Trials.

Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme·2026
Same author

The association between early diagnosis of gestational diabetes and maternal-neonatal outcomes: a secondary analysis of the digest trial.

Endocrine·2026
Same author

International Multidisciplinary Consensus Report on Definitions, Diagnostic Criteria, and Management of Fatty Pancreas: A Joint Statement Endorsed by EPC, APA, EASD, EASL, ESGAR, ESGE, ESP, ESPCG, ESPEN, ESPGHAN, IAP, JPS, KPBA, LAPSG, and UEG.

United European gastroenterology journal·2026
Same author

Developing Topics.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Communicating medication risks in pregnancy: Towards shared decision making.

Frontiers in drug safety and regulation·2025
Same author

Follow-Up of Children Born to Mothers in Folic Acid Clinical Trial (FACT 4 Child): A Prospective Cohort Study Based on a Double-Blinded Randomised Controlled Trial.

BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology·2025
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT

Published on: January 7, 2018

72.3K

Gestational diabetes: emerging concepts in pathophysiology.

Kenneth Hodson1, Stephen Robson1, Roy Taylor2

  • 1Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne; Department of Obstetrics, Royal Victoria Infirmary.

Obstetric Medicine
|September 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Gestational diabetes, affecting 3-5% of UK pregnancies, is linked to insulin resistance caused by lipid deposition. Early insulin resistance in women may predict future Type 2 diabetes.

Keywords:
fatty liver diseasegestational diabetesinsulin resistancemagnetic resonance spectroscopyobesity

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model
09:44

Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model

Published on: March 5, 2022

3.5K
Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
08:47

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT

Published on: January 7, 2018

72.3K
Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model
09:44

Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model

Published on: March 5, 2022

3.5K
Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
08:47

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology
  • Metabolic disorders
  • Pathophysiology of diabetes

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 3-5% of UK pregnancies, causing maternal and fetal complications.
  • Normal pregnancy involves insulin resistance to support fetal development.
  • Pathological insulin resistance may stem from hepatic and skeletal muscle lipid deposition, as seen in Type 2 diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes.
  • To understand the link between insulin resistance, lipid deposition, and GDM.
  • To inform diagnostic screening, treatment strategies, and lifestyle advice for GDM.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on GDM pathophysiology.
  • Discussion of novel magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques for lipid deposition assessment.
  • Analysis of pre-pregnancy insulin resistance as a predictor of GDM and future Type 2 diabetes.

Main Results:

  • Lipid deposition in hepatic and skeletal muscle is a likely cause of pathological insulin resistance in GDM.
  • Women developing GDM exhibit pre-existing insulin resistance, indicating a chronic lipid accumulation process.
  • This process is associated with an increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding GDM pathophysiology, particularly the role of lipid deposition and insulin resistance, is crucial for effective management.
  • Lifestyle modifications and metformin are important therapeutic considerations.
  • Early identification of insulin resistance may help predict GDM and future Type 2 diabetes risk.