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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
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Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...
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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
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In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging
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Double oscillating diffusion encoding and sensitivity to microscopic anisotropy.

Andrada Ianuş1, Noam Shemesh2, Daniel C Alexander1

  • 1Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|September 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new diffusion pulse sequence, double oscillating diffusion encoding (DODE), enhances sensitivity to microscopic anisotropy (µA). Combining DODE with double diffusion encoding (DDE) maximizes µA sensitivity more than DDE alone.

Keywords:
MRIOGSEdouble diffusion encodingdouble-PFGmicroscopic anisotropymicrostructuremultiple diffusion encodingoscillating gradient spin echo

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Diffusion MRI

Background:

  • Microscopic diffusion anisotropy (µA) is crucial for understanding tissue microstructure.
  • Established double diffusion encoding (DDE) methods offer insights but have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a novel diffusion pulse sequence: double oscillating diffusion encoding (DODE).
  • Evaluate DODE's sensitivity to µA compared to DDE.
  • Investigate DODE's specificity to microstructural configurations.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated diffusion MRI measurements for DODE and DDE sequences.
  • Analyzed signal dependence on pulse sequence parameters (e.g., mixing time).
  • Assessed sensitivity to microstructural parameters (pore diameter, length) and substrate specificity.

Main Results:

  • DODE shows less pronounced signal dependence on mixing time compared to DDE.
  • DODE enhances sensitivity to pore diameter in elongated, multi-oriented substrates.
  • DDE remains more sensitive to pore length; sequence parameters can be tailored.

Conclusions:

  • Combining DODE and DDE maximizes sensitivity to µA.
  • The novel DODE sequence offers complementary information to DDE.
  • Tailoring DODE and DDE parameters allows for enhanced microstructural characterization.