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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Psychopathology

Background:

  • Gene × Environment (GxE) interaction is crucial for externalizing disorders.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding the long-term GxE effects into adulthood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate GxE interplay in antisocial peer affiliation and externalizing disorders.
  • To examine concurrent and prospective associations across adolescence and young adulthood.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 1,382 same-sex twin pairs from the Minnesota Twin Family Study.
  • Assessment of antisocial behavior and substance use disorders at ages 17, 20, 24, and 29.
  • Analysis of gene-environment interaction effects on externalizing disorders.

Main Results:

  • A significant GxE interaction was found at age 17 for both antisocial behavior and substance use disorders.
  • This GxE interaction for antisocial behavior diminished after adolescence.
  • GxE interaction for substance use disorders persisted through age 29, with the largest effects at age 17.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescence is a critical period for GxE interaction in externalizing disorders.
  • Environmental adversity, like antisocial peer affiliation, can amplify genetic risk.
  • GxE interaction for substance use disorders may extend into young adulthood, unlike antisocial behavior.