Electrochemically Organized Isolated Fullerene-Rich Thin Films with Optical Limiting Properties

Electrochemical assembly was applied directly to determine the aggregation of nanoclusters in isolated fullerene-rich (54-63 wt %) thin films. The electroactive reactions were achieved using electroactive carbazole and pyrene, which led to distinguishable nanoparticle-like and irregular cluster formations. These films, with amorphous and transparent states, showed good photoactivity and significant optical limiting response with an excellent threshold of 63 mJ cm(-2). This work thus paves a way to assemble highly isolated (or monodispersed) building blocks into thin films at the molecular level with control of the nanostructural formations through important molecular design.