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Related Concept Videos

Zones of Protection01:16

Zones of Protection

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In power systems, the entire setup is divided into protective zones to isolate faults and protect the rest of the network. These zones include generators, transformers, buses, transmission lines, distribution lines, and motors. Each zone can be visualized as a separate room in a house, with each room protected by its own circuit breaker.
Protective zones are defined by closed dashed lines, containing one or more components. A key characteristic of these zones is the strategic placement of...
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Reclosers and Fuses01:26

Reclosers and Fuses

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Automatic circuit reclosers enhance the protection of distribution circuits by interrupting and auto-reclosing an AC circuit according to a preset sequence. They effectively manage temporary faults on overhead distribution lines, often caused by tree limbs or wildlife, by briefly disrupting service to improve overall reliability. However, contact with reclosers or energized broken conductors on the ground can pose serious hazards.
A comprehensive protection scheme for radial distribution...
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Errors in Global Positioning System01:26

Errors in Global Positioning System

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Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
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Line Protection with Impedance Relays01:27

Line Protection with Impedance Relays

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Coordinating time-delay overcurrent relays in complex radial systems and directional overcurrent relays in multi-source transmission loops can be challenging. Impedance relays address these issues by responding to the voltage-to-current ratio, specifically measuring the apparent impedance of a line. These relays become more sensitive during faults as current increases and voltage decreases, thereby reducing the apparent impedance.
Under normal conditions, low load currents keep the measured...
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Radial System Protection01:23

Radial System Protection

472
Radial systems employ time-delay overcurrent relays to reduce load interruptions. When a fault occurs, the nearest breaker opens first, while upstream breakers remain closed due to longer delay settings. This approach ensures minimal disruption to the rest of the system.
In a radial system with a fault downstream of the third breaker, ideally, only the third breaker will open, isolating the fault and interrupting the load connected beyond it. The second breaker has a longer delay setting,...
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Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device01:30

Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device

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Surveyors use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to measure the precise location and elevation of points on Earth. In a recent survey, GPS receivers were used to determine the coordinates and elevations of two park monuments. The process involved careful mission planning, data collection, and correction to ensure accuracy. The survey began with mission planning to identify optimal satellite visibility and minimize Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP). A geodetic control point...
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Using a Real-Time Locating System to Measure Walking Activity Associated with Wandering Behaviors Among Institutionalized Older Adults
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Reliable Facility Location Problem with Facility Protection.

Luohao Tang1, Cheng Zhu1, Zaili Lin2

  • 1Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Plos One
|September 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study addresses reliable facility location by protecting facilities and using backups against disruptions. An Integer Programming model and a combined solution approach prove effective for network resilience.

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Area of Science:

  • Operations Research
  • Supply Chain Management
  • Network Optimization

Background:

  • Facility location problems are critical for network design.
  • Random facility disruptions pose significant risks to supply chain reliability.
  • Existing models may not adequately address protection and backup strategies simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a model for a reliable facility location problem incorporating facility protection and backup strategies.
  • To hedge against random facility disruptions.
  • To provide a robust framework for network design under uncertainty.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of an Integer Programming model with site-specific facility failure probabilities.
  • Development of a solution approach combining Lagrangian Relaxation and local search.
  • Computational experiments on networks of varying sizes (49 to 263 nodes).

Main Results:

  • The proposed Integer Programming model effectively addresses the reliable facility location problem.
  • The combined Lagrangian Relaxation and local search approach demonstrated effectiveness and efficiency.
  • Validation through computational experiments and a real-world case study in China.

Conclusions:

  • The model provides a valuable tool for enhancing network resilience against disruptions.
  • Strategic facility protection and backup systems are crucial for reliable operations.
  • Managerial insights derived from the case study can inform practical decision-making.