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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Valence Bond Theory02:45

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Overview of Valence Bond Theory
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Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Ferromagnetic Ground States in Face-Centered Cubic Hubbard Clusters.

T X R Souza1, C A Macedo1

  • 1Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 Sao Cristovao, SE, Brazil.

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|September 2, 2016
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Summary

This study analyzed face-centered cubic Hubbard clusters, finding a ferromagnetic phase at specific particle densities and strong coulombic interactions. This supports theories on direct exchange interactions driving ferromagnetism.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding the magnetic properties of materials like nickel is crucial.
  • The Hubbard model is a key theoretical framework for studying interacting electron systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ground state energies of face-centered cubic (FCC) Hubbard clusters.
  • To determine the conditions under which these clusters exhibit ferromagnetic behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Lanczos method for accurate ground state energy calculations.
  • Analyzed energy as a function of particle density (n) and coulombic interaction (U).

Main Results:

  • Identified an energy minimum in FCC structures at n = 0.6 when U = 3W (W=non-interacting energy bandwidth).
  • Observed ferromagnetic properties in the FCC cluster under these specific conditions.
  • Found that the energy minimum decreased with increasing U.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support Hirsh's conjecture regarding the dominance of interatomic direct exchange interactions in driving ferromagnetism.
  • The results show strong similarities to the properties of nickel and existing finite-temperature analyses.