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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Corneal Donor Tissue Preparation for Endothelial Keratoplasty
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Corneal Endothelium and Phacoemulsification.

Hiroshi Takahashi1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Cornea
|September 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Phacoemulsification can damage the corneal endothelium through ultrasound-induced free radicals. Ophthalmic viscosurgical devices and H2 gas offer protection, with corneal volume potentially assessing endothelial function.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Phacoemulsification is the leading cataract surgery method, but corneal endothelial damage remains a significant complication.
  • Factors contributing to endothelial damage include irrigating pressure, temperature, and ultrasound-induced free radical formation.
  • Current assessment of corneal endothelial injury relies on specular microscopy, which has limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms of corneal endothelial damage during phacoemulsification.
  • To discuss protective strategies, including ophthalmic viscosurgical devices and hydrogen gas.
  • To propose corneal volume as a novel parameter for assessing endothelial function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on phacoemulsification and corneal endothelial damage.
  • Discussion of the role of ultrasound cavitation and free radical formation.
  • Exploration of protective agents and assessment techniques.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasound cavitation in aqueous solution generates hydroxyl free radicals, damaging the corneal endothelium.
  • Ophthalmic viscosurgical devices are effective in protecting the endothelium.
  • Hydrogen gas in irrigating solution is proposed as an anti-free radical agent.

Conclusions:

  • Corneal endothelial damage is a critical concern in phacoemulsification.
  • Protective measures like ophthalmic viscosurgical devices and H2 gas are crucial.
  • Corneal volume may offer a new method for evaluating endothelial health post-surgery.

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