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Related Concept Videos

Hemoglobin01:24

Hemoglobin

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Hemoglobin is a globular protein made up of four subunits. Two of these subunits are alpha chains, and the other two are beta chains. Each subunit contains a molecule of heme, which has an iron atom and can bind to oxygen. When an oxygen molecule binds to one heme group, it changes the shape of hemoglobin, making it easier for the other heme groups to bind oxygen as well.
When all four heme groups are bound to oxygen, the resulting molecule is called oxyhemoglobin. As a result, arterial blood...
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Hemoglobin Screening Independently Predicts All-Cause Mortality.

Michael Fulks, Vera F Dolan, Robert L Stout

    Journal of Insurance Medicine (New York, N.Y.)
    |September 2, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Hemoglobin testing enhances mortality risk prediction for life insurance applicants, especially in older females and all males. Specific hemoglobin levels indicate increased mortality risk, independent of other health markers.

    Keywords:
    Anemiahemoglobinlaboratory testslife insurancemortalitypolycythemia

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Science
    • Epidemiology
    • Insurance Medicine

    Background:

    • Accurate mortality risk assessment is crucial for life insurance underwriting.
    • Traditional risk factors include laboratory tests, blood pressure, and build.
    • The incremental value of hemoglobin testing in this context requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine if incorporating hemoglobin testing improves mortality risk prediction for life insurance applicants.
    • To assess the independent contribution of hemoglobin levels to risk stratification.
    • To analyze age and sex-specific associations between hemoglobin levels and mortality.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of hemoglobin test results from 1993-2007 for life insurance applicants.
    • Vital status determined via Social Security Death Master File follow-up through 2011.
    • Statistical analysis stratified by age and sex, with and without other risk factors.

    Main Results:

    • Low hemoglobin levels (≤12.0 g/dL in females 50+, ≤13.0 g/dL in all males) correlated with increased mortality risk.
    • High hemoglobin levels (>15.0 g/dL in females, >16.0 g/dL in males) also indicated elevated mortality risk.
    • These associations were independent of other tested risk factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Hemoglobin testing provides additional, independent risk assessment beyond traditional factors for life insurance applicants.
    • Findings are consistent with previous studies in older populations.
    • Further research is needed for younger populations due to limited data and disease prevalence.