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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Protein Modifications in the RER01:26

Protein Modifications in the RER

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Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
14.7K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

13.3K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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Chemical Posttranslational Modification with Designed Rhodium(II) Catalysts.

S C Martin1, M B Minus1, Z T Ball1

  • 1Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.

Methods in Enzymology
|September 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Rhodium(II) catalysts mimic natural enzymes, enabling selective protein modification using molecular recognition. This breakthrough offers new tools for studying protein interactions and creating novel protein conjugates.

Keywords:
BioconjugationDiazoEnzyme designProtein modificationRhodiumSH3 domain

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Chemoselective Modification of Viral Surfaces via Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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Preparation of N-2-alkoxyvinylsulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines
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Chemoselective Modification of Viral Surfaces via Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry
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Chemoselective Modification of Viral Surfaces via Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Natural enzymes exhibit high selectivity in modifying biomolecules.
  • Molecular recognition is key to enzyme specificity.
  • Developing synthetic catalysts with similar selectivity is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop synthetic catalysts that mimic enzymatic selectivity for protein modification.
  • To explore the use of rhodium(II) catalysts with diazo reagents for protein functionalization.
  • To assess the applicability of this method in complex biological environments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized rhodium(II) catalysts for selective protein modification.
  • Employed functionalized diazo reagents for targeted chemical transformations.
  • Tested the catalytic system across diverse protein folds and in cell lysate.
  • Assessed modification efficiency using a protein blot method.

Main Results:

  • Rhodium(II) catalysts demonstrated molecular recognition for selective protein modification.
  • The catalytic system proved effective on various protein structures.
  • Successful application was achieved in complex environments like cell lysate.
  • A simple protein blot method accurately quantified modification.

Conclusions:

  • Rhodium(II) catalysts offer a novel tool for probing protein-binding events.
  • This methodology provides a new synthetic route to protein conjugates.
  • Potential applications include medical, biochemical, and materials science.