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Related Concept Videos

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
10:10

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Heterotopic ossification after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

B Verhofste1, T Decock1, A Van Tongel1

  • 1Ghent University Hospital, 185 De Pintelaan, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.

The Bone & Joint Journal
|September 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Heterotopic ossification (HO) after reverse shoulder arthroplasty is common but typically non-progressive. Grade 2 HO can negatively impact shoulder function during its development, but long-term consequences are minimal.

Keywords:
Cuff tear arthropathyHeterotopic ossificationNotchingReverse total shoulder arthroplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a known complication following arthroplasty procedures, particularly in the hip.
  • The incidence, progression, and clinical impact of HO after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence, evolution, morphology, and clinical consequences of HO following RSA.
  • To assess the relationship between HO and functional outcomes using the Constant-Murley score (CS).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 132 patients undergoing RSA for cuff tear arthropathy.
  • Utilized a modified Brooker classification for HO assessment.
  • Evaluated HO incidence, timing of onset, evolution duration, and associated clinical scores.

Main Results:

  • HO was observed in 29.5% of patients, with most cases developing within three months post-surgery.
  • HO demonstrated a mean evolution period of 8.3 months.
  • Patients with HO exhibited significantly lower CS at 3, 6, and 12 months post-operatively, particularly those with grade 2 HO.

Conclusions:

  • HO following RSA is generally a non-progressive condition with limited long-term clinical impact.
  • Grade 2 HO is clinically relevant, negatively affecting shoulder function during its developmental phase.
  • HO does not appear to be associated with notching in RSA.