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Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
Published on: July 24, 2019
Single-Joint Movements in Parkinson's Disease: A Pulse-Width and Pulse-Height Theory Review
Rafael de Almeida Oliveira1, Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande de Souza2
1a Physical Education , Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Control, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Brazil.
Abstract:
The process by which the brain controls single-joint movements (SJM) is still not well understood. Some studies have defined rules describing the duration and magnitude of the agonist and antagonist muscles. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze scientific publications about the electromyographic characteristics of SJM performed by patients with Parkinson's disease. A bibliographical review of the years 1989-2015 was performed using keywords such as electromyography, upper limb, and Parkinson's disease. After applying the inclusion criteria, 8 articles were included for analysis. The literature indicates that despite the lack of studies, it is possible to assume that considering the SJM, those with Parkinson's disease only control the magnitude of electromyography activation, being consistent only with the pulse-height theory control.
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