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Drug Use Normalization: A Systematic and Critical Mixed-Methods Review.

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Drug use normalization is increasingly studied, but research often lacks rigorous designs and comprehensive dimension analysis. Future studies should explore new dimensions and leverage policy changes for better understanding.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology of drug use
  • Public health research methodology
  • Substance use trends analysis

Background:

  • Drug use normalization offers a framework for understanding shifts in drug use acceptance and trends.
  • Contemporary drug issues necessitate updated conceptual tools for analysis.
  • Previous research has applied the normalization framework to various aspects of drug use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the application of the drug use normalization framework in empirical research.
  • To identify gaps and limitations in current normalization research.
  • To propose recommendations for future research directions in drug use normalization.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods systematic review was conducted.
  • Data were synthesized from 50 studies (20 quantitative, 26 qualitative, 4 mixed-methods).
  • Studies were assessed for relevance, characteristics, quality, and normalization dimensions.

Main Results:

  • No studies utilized experimental designs or examined all proposed normalization dimensions.
  • Experimentation was the most frequently studied dimension of drug use normalization.
  • New dimensions identified include demographic boundary shifts, de-normalization, drug use for goal achievement, and micro-political strategies for stigma management.

Conclusions:

  • Advancements in normalization theory and methodology can enhance understanding of current drug use patterns.
  • Quasi-experimental designs, facilitated by cannabis policy changes, offer new opportunities for studying normalization.
  • Further research is needed to develop and refine the normalization framework for contemporary drug issues.