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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Grafting of Beads into Developing Chicken Embryo Limbs to Identify Signal Transduction Pathways Affecting Gene Expression
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The Use of Chick Embryos to Study Wnt Activity Gradients.

Lisa M Galli1, Tiffany Barnes1, Laura W Burrus2

  • 1Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|September 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel method to measure Wnt signaling in chick spinal cords using the BAT-Gal reporter. This technique allows for precise assessment of Wnt pathway activity with an internal control.

Keywords:
BAT-GalChickElectroporationGradientIn ovoSpinal cordWNT1WNT3Aβ-catenin

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Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular signaling

Background:

  • The chick spinal cord is a suitable model for studying developmental processes.
  • Wnt signaling plays a crucial role in neural development.
  • Assessing Wnt signaling activity requires precise and reliable methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a new method for measuring Wnt signaling activity.
  • To utilize the chick spinal cord as a model system.
  • To employ a β-catenin dependent Wnt reporter for enhanced accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the chick spinal cord as an experimental model.
  • Employing loss or gain of function constructs via electroporation.
  • Measuring Wnt signaling using the BAT-Gal reporter system.

Main Results:

  • The described method allows for targeted transfection to one side of the spinal cord.
  • The contralateral side serves as an effective internal control.
  • The BAT-Gal reporter accurately reflects Wnt signaling activity.

Conclusions:

  • The BAT-Gal reporter system provides a robust method for Wnt signaling assessment in the chick spinal cord.
  • This technique facilitates the study of Wnt pathway roles in neural development.
  • The use of an internal control enhances the reliability of the findings.