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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
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The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
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Mate Choice01:20

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Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Related Experiment Video

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Using the FishSim Animation Toolchain to Investigate Fish Behavior: A Case Study on Mate-Choice Copying In Sailfin Mollies
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Multilevel Selection in Kin Selection Language.

Jussi Lehtonen1

  • 1Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|September 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Kin selection (KS) and multilevel selection (MLS) offer different causal explanations for evolution, though mathematically equivalent. This study shows how to translate multilevel selection models into kin selection components for broader analysis.

Keywords:
Hamilton's rulegroup selectionkin selectionlevels of selectionmultilevel selectionsocial evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Theoretical Ecology

Background:

  • Kin selection (KS) and multilevel selection (MLS) are debated frameworks in evolutionary biology.
  • While formally equivalent, their causal explanations and mathematical approaches differ.
  • A unified method for analyzing models from both KS and MLS perspectives is valuable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a method for analyzing evolutionary models from both kin selection and multilevel selection viewpoints.
  • To demonstrate the utility of translating multilevel selection into kin selection components.

Main Methods:

  • The study proposes translating multilevel selection (MLS) models into the components of kin selection (KS).
  • This approach is applicable to general regression and evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) maximization methods.
  • The method is demonstrated using models of gamete competition and limitation.

Main Results:

  • Multilevel selection can be effectively expressed using the mathematical components of kin selection.
  • This translation facilitates the analysis of common ESS models from a multilevel perspective.
  • Example models of gamete competition and limitation illustrate the practical application of this method.

Conclusions:

  • A straightforward method exists to bridge the analytical gap between kin selection and multilevel selection.
  • This approach enhances the causal understanding of evolutionary processes by allowing dual perspectives.
  • The findings offer a valuable tool for evolutionary biologists studying diverse ecological models.