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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

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De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Visualization of Cell Cycle Variations and Determination of Nucleation in Postnatal Cardiomyocytes
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Decoding the Long Noncoding RNA During Cardiac Maturation: A Roadmap for Functional Discovery.

Marlin Touma1,2, Xuedong Kang1, Yan Zhao1

  • 1The Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute (CDI), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.

Circulation. Cardiovascular Genetics
|September 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study maps neonatal cardiac long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), revealing their dynamic regulation during heart maturation. A specific lncRNA, Ppp1r1b-lncRNA, was found to regulate Tcap gene expression, impacting congenital heart defects.

Keywords:
congenital cardiac defectgene regulationlncRNAneonatal heart maturationneonatal mouse cardiomyocytetranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Cardiac maturation is crucial for adapting to new environments after birth.
  • Disruptions in cardiac maturation are linked to congenital heart defects.
  • The role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in neonatal heart development is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a comprehensive map of lncRNAs in the neonatal mouse heart.
  • To investigate the dynamic expression and regulation of lncRNAs during cardiac maturation.
  • To explore the functional roles of lncRNAs in cardiac development and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of neonatal mouse heart ventricles.
  • Weighted gene co-expression network analysis for mRNA and lncRNA data.
  • Validation of lncRNA-gene interactions in cultured myoblasts and human infant hearts.

Main Results:

  • Identified over 2000 known and novel lncRNAs, with 196 showing dynamic regulation during maturation.
  • Discovered lncRNA modules with coordinated expression patterns and chamber-specific lncRNAs.
  • Ppp1r1b-lncRNA was identified as a regulator of Tcap expression, conserved in humans and linked to congenital heart defects.

Conclusions:

  • This study presents the first high-resolution landscape of neonatal cardiac lncRNAs.
  • lncRNAs interact with the mRNA transcriptome during cardiac maturation.
  • Ppp1r1b-lncRNA's regulation of Tcap is a key finding for understanding cardiac development and congenital heart defects.