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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Diabetes in Pregnancy.

Howard Berger1, Robert Gagnon2, Mathew Sermer1

  • 1Toronto ON.

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal D'Obstetrique Et Gynecologie Du Canada : JOGC
|September 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This guideline reviews the diagnosis and management of diabetes in pregnancy, evaluating maternal and fetal outcomes. It recommends aligning with Canadian Diabetes Association guidelines for consistent care.

Keywords:
Diabetespregnancystillbirth

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects maternal and fetal health.
  • Accurate diagnosis and management are crucial for optimal outcomes.
  • Existing guidelines may present varying diagnostic thresholds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on the diagnosis and obstetrical management of diabetes in pregnancy.
  • To evaluate short- and long-term maternal and fetal outcomes.
  • To provide recommendations for consistent clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed and Cochrane Library using MeSH terms.
  • Inclusion of systematic reviews, RCTs, CCTs, and observational studies.
  • Evidence quality rated using Canadian Task Force criteria.

Main Results:

  • The guideline synthesizes evidence on diagnostic strategies and management protocols.
  • Maternal outcomes include preeclampsia, C-section, future diabetes, and cardiovascular complications.
  • Fetal outcomes encompass congenital anomalies, stillbirth, macrosomia, birth trauma, and hypoglycemia.

Conclusions:

  • Consistent application of diagnostic criteria is essential.
  • Alignment with current Canadian Diabetes Association guidelines is prioritized.
  • Care centers should implement protocols for uniform reporting of test results.