Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

43.9K
Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
43.9K
Determination01:51

Determination

21.3K
During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
21.3K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

7.8K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
7.8K
X-inactivation01:58

X-inactivation

6.7K
6.7K
X-Inactivation01:58

X-Inactivation

42.9K
The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.
42.9K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

5.8K
5.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Art of Neuroregeneration De Novo and In Situ.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2025
Same author

Craniofacial Development Is Fine-Tuned by Sox2.

Genes·2023
Same author

A Role for Sox2 in the Adult Cerebellum.

Journal of stem cell research & therapy·2018
Same author

A "Hit and Run" Approach to Inducible Direct Reprogramming of Astrocytes to Neural Stem Cells.

Frontiers in physiology·2016
Same author

Sox2 acts as a rheostat of epithelial to mesenchymal transition during neural crest development.

Frontiers in physiology·2014
Same author

Proliferation versus regeneration: the good, the bad and the ugly.

Frontiers in physiology·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development
14:08

Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development

Published on: January 26, 2013

15.9K

Sox2: To crest or not to crest?

Nikolaos Panagiotis Mandalos1, Eumorphia Remboutsika1

  • 1National University of Athens Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 115 27, Athens, Greece; Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming Str., 16672 Vari-Attica, Greece; Adjunct Faculty, The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Basic Sciences Division, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 855 North Wolfe Str., Suite 300, 3rd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|September 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

SoxB factors are crucial for neural development, while Sox2 specifically guards the developmental clock during neural crest stem cell formation, ensuring precise head development.

Keywords:
DevelopmentDifferentiationEmbryonic stem cellsInduced pluripotent stem cellsNeural crest stem cellsNeural progenitor cellsNeural stem cellsNeurogenesisSox1Sox14Sox21Sox3SoxB1SoxB2Tissue regeneration

More Related Videos

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides
09:58

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides

Published on: November 29, 2016

17.0K
Visualization of Craniofacial Development in the sox10: kaede Transgenic Zebrafish Line Using Time-lapse Confocal Microscopy
06:35

Visualization of Craniofacial Development in the sox10: kaede Transgenic Zebrafish Line Using Time-lapse Confocal Microscopy

Published on: September 30, 2013

13.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development
14:08

Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development

Published on: January 26, 2013

15.9K
An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides
09:58

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides

Published on: November 29, 2016

17.0K
Visualization of Craniofacial Development in the sox10: kaede Transgenic Zebrafish Line Using Time-lapse Confocal Microscopy
06:35

Visualization of Craniofacial Development in the sox10: kaede Transgenic Zebrafish Line Using Time-lapse Confocal Microscopy

Published on: September 30, 2013

13.4K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Stem cell biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Neural progenitor cells give rise to diverse cell types, including neural crest stem cells.
  • SoxB factors are known regulators of neural progenitor cell fate.
  • Precise regulation of cell differentiation is vital for embryonic development, particularly in the head and craniofacial regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the distinct roles of SoxB factors and Sox2 in neural progenitor development and neural crest stem cell formation.
  • To understand how these factors regulate the timing and precision of cell fate decisions during head development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression patterns of SoxB factors and Sox2 in developing neural progenitors and neural crest stem cells.
  • Functional studies using genetic manipulation to assess the impact of SoxB factors and Sox2 on cell fate determination and developmental timing.
  • Investigating the molecular mechanisms by which Sox2 acts as a 'guardian of the developmental clock'.

Main Results:

  • SoxB factors broadly determine neural cell fate within the neural progenitor pool.
  • Sox2 emerges as a key regulator during the transition to neural crest stem cells, acting as a critical checkpoint.
  • Sox2 ensures the precise temporal progression of cell development, preventing premature or delayed differentiation in the head.

Conclusions:

  • SoxB factors and Sox2 exhibit distinct, yet coordinated, roles in neural development.
  • Sox2 is essential for maintaining the integrity of the developmental timeline in neural crest stem cell formation.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to comprehending craniofacial development and potential related disorders.