Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 15, 2026
05:44
Novel Methods for Intranasal Administration Under Inhalation Anesthesia to Evaluate Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery
Published on: November 14, 2018
21.4K
Development of risperidone liposomes for brain targeting through intranasal route
Reema Narayan1, Mohan Singh1, OmPrakash Ranjan2
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India 576104.
Life Sciences
|September 6, 2016
Summary
Functionalized risperidone liposomes were developed for nasal delivery to treat schizophrenia. Optimized PEGylated liposomes demonstrated enhanced brain targeting and increased drug uptake, showing potential for effective brain delivery.
Area of Science:
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanotechnology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Schizophrenia management requires effective drug delivery to the brain.
- Traditional delivery methods face challenges in crossing the blood-brain barrier.
- Liposomes offer a promising platform for targeted drug delivery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop functionalized risperidone liposomes for enhanced brain targeting via nasal administration.
- To optimize liposome formulation for improved entrapment efficiency and reduced vesicle size.
- To evaluate the in vivo efficacy and brain targeting potential of the developed liposomes.
Main Methods:
- Liposomes were prepared using the thin film hydration method and optimized with Design-Expert® Software.
- Liposome surfaces were modified with stearylamine and MPEG-DSPE for enhanced brain penetration.
- Formulations were characterized for vesicle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and morphology (TEM).
- In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in Wistar albino rats were conducted following intranasal administration.
Main Results:
- Optimized liposomes exhibited a mean vesicle size of 90-100nm with high entrapment efficiency (50-60%).
- Transmission Electron Microscopy confirmed spherical vesicles with a smooth surface.
- Functionalized liposomes, particularly PEGylated ones (LP-16), showed prolonged drug release and significantly enhanced brain exposure compared to plasma.
- LP-16 demonstrated a high brain targeting efficiency index, indicating preferential brain transport.
Conclusions:
- Surface-modified risperidone liposomes were successfully formulated for nasal delivery.
- PEGylated liposomes show significant potential for targeted delivery of risperidone to the brain for schizophrenia treatment.
- This approach offers a promising strategy for improving the therapeutic management of neurological disorders.
Keywords:
Brain targeting efficiency indexCationic liposomesLipid film hydrationPEGylated liposomesPharmacokineticsSchizophreniaMore Related Videos
05:28A Positioning Device for the Placement of Mice During Intranasal siRNA Delivery to the Central Nervous System
Published on: August 15, 2019
25.7K
05:50Intranasal Delivery of mRNA Polyplexes via Rayleigh Breakup Aerosols: An In Vitro Method for Nasal Deposition and Functional Testing
Published on: January 20, 2026
227
Related Concept Videos
01:22Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes
941
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection, and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
941
01:18Additional Routes of Drug Administration
5.3K
Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
5.3K
01:29Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route
2.1K
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
2.1K
01:27Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement
291
After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt secretion,...
291
01:24Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted
71
Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
71
01:18Drug Delivery: Enteral Route
2.3K
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
2.3K