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Theoretical Tinnitus Framework: A Neurofunctional Model.

Iman Ghodratitoostani1, Yossi Zana2, Alexandre C B Delbem3

  • 1Neurocognitive Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo São Carlos, Brazil.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|September 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a Neurofunctional Tinnitus Model where conscious perception of phantom sounds activates cognitive-emotional value, influencing attention and annoyance. This model explains how tinnitus distress develops and persists.

Keywords:
attention role in tinnituscognitive processes in tinnitusevaluation learning role in tinnitustinnitus brain networktinnitus modeling

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Subjective tinnitus is an auditory phantom perception without external sound sources.
  • Existing models link tinnitus to external events paired with physical causes.
  • Conscious perception states (unattended, attended) are crucial for understanding tinnitus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Propose a novel Neurofunctional Tinnitus Model.
  • Explain the role of conscious perception in activating cognitive-emotional value.
  • Detail how this value influences attention and tinnitus-related distress.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on tinnitus perception and models.
  • Conceptualization of the Neurofunctional Tinnitus Model.
  • Integration of evidence from neuroimaging, electrophysiology, brain lesion, and behavioral studies.

Main Results:

  • The model posits that conscious perception of phantom sound is essential for activating cognitive-emotional value.
  • This value governs attention allocation and contributes to tinnitus annoyance and clinical distress.
  • Weakened noise-canceling mechanisms due to cognitive interpretation of sound can increase negative emotional reactions.

Conclusions:

  • The Neurofunctional Tinnitus Model highlights the critical role of cognitive-emotional value in tinnitus perception and distress.
  • Top-down cortical processes significantly influence the perception and emotional impact of tinnitus.
  • While not exhaustive, the model offers a new framework supported by diverse scientific evidence.