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Reliability of two-point discrimination thresholds using a 4-2-1 stepping algorithm.

Erik A Wikstrom1, Gary Allen1

  • 1a Department of Exercise & Sport Science , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.

Somatosensory & Motor Research
|September 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The 4-2-1 stepping algorithm shows good reliability for measuring two-point discrimination (TPD) thresholds. This method is reliable for assessing foot sensation in healthy adults.

Keywords:
Somatosensory functionplantar surfaceyoung adults

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomechanics
  • Sensory testing

Background:

  • The 4-2-1 stepping algorithm is established for light touch threshold assessment.
  • Its application to two-point discrimination (TPD) thresholds remains unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the intra- and inter-rater reliability of the 4-2-1 stepping algorithm for TPD threshold measurement.
  • To assess the algorithm's efficacy on the plantar surface of the foot.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen healthy young adults participated in the study.
  • Digital calipers and the 4-2-1 stepping algorithm were used for assessments over a one-week period.
  • TPD thresholds were measured by an expert and a novice examiner at the first metatarsal head and fifth metatarsal base.

Main Results:

  • Intra-rater reliability showed good consistency with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values exceeding 0.75.
  • Inter-rater reliability was also good, with ICC values ranging from 0.76 to 0.93.
  • Reliability was consistent across both tested foot locations and assessment sessions.

Conclusions:

  • The 4-2-1 stepping algorithm is a reliable tool for determining TPD thresholds.
  • The algorithm demonstrates good intra- and inter-tester reliability on the plantar foot surface.
  • This method is suitable for assessing TPD in healthy young adults.