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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

766
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
766
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

717
Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
717
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

615
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
615
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

582
Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
582
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

532
Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
532
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

684
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
684

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
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Pulmonary arterial hypertension: Basic knowledge for clinicians.

Diana Santos-Ribeiro1, Pedro Mendes-Ferreira1, Carolina Maia-Rocha1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.

Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases
|September 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe condition with no cure, causing right ventricle overload and heart failure. This review covers current knowledge and experimental animal models for PAH translational research.

Keywords:
Hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP)Insuffisance ventriculaire droiteMécanismes physiopathologiques et modèles expérimentaux de l’HTAPPathophysiological mechanismsPulmonary arterial hypertensionPulmonary arterial hypertension experimental modelsRight ventricular failure

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Translational Research

Background:

  • Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive syndrome with varied causes.
  • It leads to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricle overload, heart failure, and death.
  • Current treatments do not offer a cure, necessitating further research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
  • To review experimental animal models for PAH research.
  • To support translational research for developing new PAH therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current scientific knowledge on PAH.
  • Analysis of existing experimental animal models for PAH.
  • Focus on models relevant to human disease.

Main Results:

  • PAH is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricle strain.
  • Diverse etiologies contribute to the progression of PAH.
  • Several animal models are available for studying PAH pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a significant clinical challenge with no definitive cure.
  • Understanding PAH mechanisms through research is crucial.
  • Experimental animal models are vital tools for advancing PAH translational research and therapeutic development.