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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

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An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
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Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

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Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers,...
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Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP01:26

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Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
Patient...
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Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps01:19

Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps

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The pre-procedure steps of handwashing include removing jewelry and rolling up sleeves. However, many organizations allow staff to wear wedding rings.
The hand washing procedure itself includes the following steps. First, cover cuts, if any, on hands with a waterproof dressing. Cuts and abrasions can become contaminated with bacteria hindering the ability to clean the area thoroughly. In addition, repeated hand washing can worsen an injury.  The nails must be short and clean, without nail...
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Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection01:30

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection

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Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...
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Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection
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Current Practice of Duodenoscope Reprocessing.

Stephen Kim1, V Raman Muthusamy2

  • 1Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

Current Gastroenterology Reports
|September 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Duodenoscope reprocessing guidelines may be insufficient for preventing multi-drug resistant bacteria transmission. New methods are needed to ensure patient safety during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures.

Keywords:
Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceaeDuodenoscopeEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographyOutbreakReprocessing

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Device Reprocessing
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Recent duodenoscope outbreaks involve multi-drug resistant bacteria transmission.
  • These outbreaks persist despite adherence to current reprocessing guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the inadequacy of current duodenoscope reprocessing standards.
  • To highlight the need for improved disinfection methods for patient safety.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current flexible endoscope reprocessing guidelines.
  • Analysis of duodenoscope design challenges in disinfection.
  • Evaluation of supplemental reprocessing measures and monitoring approaches.

Main Results:

  • Current reprocessing standards may not adequately disinfect complex duodenoscopes.
  • Supplemental measures are short-term solutions lacking validated effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • A definitive, feasible duodenoscope reprocessing method is essential.
  • Enhanced reprocessing and monitoring are crucial to prevent infection transmission.