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The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
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Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control
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A functional synergistic model to explain postural control during precise visual tasks.

Cédrick T Bonnet1, Stéphane Baudry2

  • 1Cognitive Science and Affective Science Laboratory (SCALab), Universities of Lille, CNRS, France.

Gait & Posture
|September 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Performing precise visual tasks while standing requires a synergy between visual and postural control, not a division of attention. This unified approach, led by visual processing, ensures stability and task success.

Keywords:
Cognitive modelsDual-taskPostural controlPrecise visual tasksSynergistic-taskYoung adults

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Motor Control
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Maintaining balance during upright standing involves continuous, unpredictable body oscillations.
  • Performing precise visual tasks while standing presents a dual-task challenge for the central nervous system due to limited attentional resources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the 'dual-task' model of attention for visual-postural control.
  • To propose and validate a 'synergy' model where visual and postural processes unify for task success.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cognitive models for visual-postural control.
  • Summarization of a recent validation study for the synergistic model.

Main Results:

  • The 'duality' model, suggesting divided attention, may not fully explain successful performance of precise visual tasks during standing.
  • A synergistic model, integrating visual and postural processes with visual leadership and reduced sway, better accounts for successful task execution.
  • Additional cognitive resources are necessary to link visual and postural processes effectively.

Conclusions:

  • Synergy between visual and postural control is crucial for precise visual tasks in upright stance.
  • The proposed synergistic model, supported by empirical evidence, offers a complementary perspective to the duality model.
  • A higher-order, bidirectional cognitive model can integrate both duality and synergy concepts for a comprehensive understanding of postural control.