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Respiratory rate variability in sleeping adults without obstructive sleep apnea
Guillermo Gutierrez1, Jeffrey Williams2, Ghadah A Alrehaili2
1Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, The George Washington University MFA, Washington, District of Columbia ggutierrez@mfa.gwu.edu.
Physiological Reports
|September 7, 2016
Summary
Respiratory rate variability (RRV) during sleep is challenging to measure. Spectral analysis of nasal pressure signals effectively quantifies RRV across sleep stages, offering a new tool for sleep research.
Area of Science:
- Sleep Medicine
- Respiratory Physiology
- Signal Processing
Background:
- Characterizing human respiratory rate variability (RRV) during sleep is difficult due to signal distortion from movement and volitional inputs.
- Accurate measurement of RRV is crucial for understanding sleep physiology and identifying potential sleep disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To detect and quantify RRV during different sleep stages, including wakefulness, using spectral analysis.
- To evaluate the efficacy of spectral analysis of nasal pressure signals for measuring RRV during polysomnography (PSG).
Main Methods:
- Utilized spectral analysis with the Fast Fourier Transform on nasal pressure transducer signals from 38 adults without obstructive sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index <5) during all-night PSG.
- Calculated RRV as (100 - H1/DC) %, where H1/DC is the amplitude ratio of the first harmonic peak to the zero frequency peak.
Main Results:
- RRV was significantly higher during wakefulness compared to all sleep stages, including REM sleep.
- RRV demonstrated a correlation with sleep depth, being lowest during N3 sleep.
- No correlation was found between RRV and body position (supine), but respiratory rate correlated with sleep stage.
Conclusions:
- RRV significantly varies across different sleep stages.
- Spectral analysis of nasal pressure signals provides a valid method for measuring RRV during sleep.
- Further research is needed to determine if this method can distinguish between normal and pathological sleep patterns.
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