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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: Anterior HR-OCT as a Non-Invasive Tool for Characterizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
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Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia: a forgotten condition in the elderly.

Nafiseh Shamloo, Hamed Mortazavi, Nasim Taghavi

    General Dentistry
    |September 7, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia (MEH), a rare HPV-caused condition, presented as asymptomatic lip papules in a 92-year-old man. This case highlights MEH can occur in elderly individuals, not just young people.

    Keywords:
    Heck diseaseelderlymultifocal epithelial hyperplasia

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    Area of Science:

    • Oral pathology
    • Dermatology
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia (MEH), also known as Heck disease, is a rare oral mucosal condition.
    • It is primarily associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
    • MEH typically affects younger individuals, often within the first two decades of life.

    Observation:

    • A case report details a 92-year-old male patient.
    • The patient presented with asymptomatic, multiple, soft, flattened papules on the lower lip's retrocommissure.
    • Lesions were present for two months and matched the surrounding mucosa's color.

    Findings:

    • Histopathologic examination revealed characteristic MEH features.
    • These included acanthosis, club-shaped rete ridges, and koilocytic changes in superficial epithelial cells.
    • A diagnosis of MEH was confirmed.

    Implications:

    • This case demonstrates that MEH can manifest in elderly patients, challenging the typical age demographic.
    • It underscores the importance of considering MEH in differential diagnoses of oral lesions, regardless of patient age.
    • Further research may explore HPV prevalence and presentation variations in geriatric populations.