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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing RIPiT-Seq

Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing RIPiT-Seq

Published on: July 10, 2019

Nonsense mediated RNA decay and evolutionary capacitance.

Vivek Kumar Raxwal¹, Karel Riha¹

¹CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta

|September 7, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) acts as a regulatory system, accumulating and releasing genetic variations to aid adaptive evolution. This mechanism may accelerate plant immune receptor evolution during pathogen defense.

Keywords:

Cryptic genetic variation Evolvability Gene duplication NB-LRR immune receptors Plant defense

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Evolutionary Biology
Genetics

Background:

Nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) is primarily known as an RNA quality control pathway.
Emerging evidence suggests NMD plays broader roles in gene regulation and maintaining transcriptome stability.
The precise regulatory functions of NMD beyond RNA surveillance are still being uncovered.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and explore a novel role for NMD as a buffering system for cryptic genetic variation.
To investigate NMD's potential contribution to adaptive evolution through the controlled release of genetic variation.
To examine the implications of NMD in the context of plant-pathogen interactions and immune receptor evolution.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of recent studies on NMD function.
Theoretical modeling of NMD as a genetic variation buffering system.
Conceptual analysis of NMD's role in plant immune system evolution.

Main Results:

NMD can accumulate a diverse range of cryptic genetic variations.
Environmental stimuli can trigger the release of these accumulated variations.
This release mechanism facilitates the generation of phenotypic diversity for adaptation.
NMD may mitigate the negative fitness effects of novel genetic variants.

Conclusions:

NMD functions as a dynamic regulatory system, not just a degradation pathway.
NMD contributes to adaptive evolution by managing cryptic genetic variation.
This buffering role of NMD is particularly relevant for the rapid diversification of plant immune receptors in response to pathogens.