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Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
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Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
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Efficient SNP Discovery by Combining Microarray and Lab-on-a-Chip Data for Animal Breeding and Selection.

Chao-Wei Huang1, Yu-Tsung Lin2, Shih-Torng Ding3

  • 1Department of Animal Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. d98626004@ntu.edu.tw.

Microarrays (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 8, 2016
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Summary

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping enhances animal breeding by improving accuracy and reducing costs. This review covers SNP procedures, techniques like microarrays, and their application in livestock for better trait selection.

Keywords:
chickeneconomic traitsmarker-assisted selection (MAS)swine

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Genetics
  • Genomic Selection
  • Livestock Breeding

Background:

  • Economic traits in animals are crucial for breeding programs.
  • Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are increasingly used as genetic markers.
  • SNP analysis offers advantages over traditional breeding methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review animal breeding procedures utilizing SNPs.
  • To discuss current SNP genotyping techniques and their potential.
  • To provide examples of SNP applications in pig and poultry breeding.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on SNP applications in animal breeding.
  • Description of SNP genotyping technologies (microarray, Lab-on-a-Chip).
  • Analysis of case studies in pigs and poultry.

Main Results:

  • SNPs reduce evaluation time and cost in breeding.
  • SNP genotyping improves prediction accuracy and breeding quality.
  • Specific SNP loci are linked to desirable economic traits in livestock.

Conclusions:

  • SNP genotyping is a powerful tool for modern animal breeding.
  • Microarray and Lab-on-a-Chip platforms are key technologies.
  • Further utilization of SNP genotyping can optimize livestock production.