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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary immunology
  • Dairy cattle health
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The periparturient period is critical for dairy cows, increasing susceptibility to intramammary infections (IMI) causing mastitis.
  • Acute phase proteins (APPs) like haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A3 (SAA3), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are known mastitis indicators, but their postpartum presence in colostrum and milk is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and concentration of APPs in colostrum and milk during the early postpartum period in dairy cows.
  • To determine if APP levels can serve as biomarkers for early detection of postparturient mastitis.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to quantify Hp, M-SAA3, and CRP in colostrum and milk from 22 Holstein-Friesian cows over the first 10 days postpartum.
  • Hp was measured in individual quarters and composite samples; M-SAA3 and CRP in composite samples.
  • Electrophoresis and Western blot analyzed Hp changes relative to other proteins during the colostrum-to-milk transition.

Main Results:

  • All APPs were detected at moderately high levels in the colostrum of 80% of cows on day 1 postpartum, decreasing to minimal levels by day 6.
  • The remaining 20% of cows exhibited varied daily APP patterns, with elevated levels potentially indicating IMI.
  • Demonstrated that APPs are naturally present in early postpartum colostrum and milk but decline rapidly within 4 days.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated APP concentrations beyond 4 days postpartum can serve as reliable biomarkers for early detection of mastitis in dairy cows.
  • This finding facilitates timely intervention, potentially reducing disease incidence and improving dairy farm management.
  • Highlights the diagnostic potential of APPs in the critical postpartum period for dairy cattle health.