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[Epidemiology of myopia].

S Hopf1, N Pfeiffer2

  • 1Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland. susanne.hopf@unimedizin-mainz.de.

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|September 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Myopia, a common vision impairment, is rapidly increasing globally, affecting 28.3% of people. Without effective interventions, half the world may have myopia by 2050, posing significant health and economic risks.

Keywords:
AmetropiaIncidencePrevalenceProgressionVision disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Myopia is the leading cause of vision impairment in children and young adults.
  • Genetic factors alone do not account for the rising prevalence of myopia.
  • Epidemiologic studies are crucial for understanding myopia trends.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence, incidence, and progression of myopia.
  • To assess the economic impact of myopia.
  • To examine the distribution and consequences of myopia development and progression.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed.
  • MEDLINE database was utilized for the search.

Main Results:

  • Global myopia prevalence is 28.3% and rising sharply; projected to affect 50% by 2050.
  • Myopia onset is occurring earlier, with a peak prevalence in young Asian adults.
  • High myopia shares similar developmental patterns, necessitating interventions due to medical and socioeconomic burdens.

Conclusions:

  • Myopia is a widespread global issue, with a significant future risk of blindness for 10% of the population.
  • Current preventive measures have not achieved widespread success.
  • Urgent interventions are needed to mitigate the escalating impact of myopia.