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Stem Cell Culture01:17

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Stem Cell Transplantation Strategies for the Restoration of Cognitive Dysfunction Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy
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The Vegetative State and Stem Cells: Therapeutic Considerations.

Alan S Hazell1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Programa de Postgrado en Fisiopatología Médica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

Frontiers in Neurology
|September 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Stem cell therapy shows promise for treating vegetative state (VS), also known as unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, by repairing brain circuitry. Further research is needed to address limitations like lack of animal models and long-term studies.

Keywords:
consciousnesshypoxia-ischemiainduced pluripotent stem cellneuroimagingstem celltransplantationtraumatic brain injuryunresponsive wakefulness syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Vegetative state (VS), or unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, is a severe outcome of acquired brain injury.
  • Patients appear awake but lack behavioral signs of awareness, causing distress for families.
  • Currently, no cure exists for VS, with patients potentially remaining in this state for decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development and diagnosis of VS.
  • To explore the cerebral structures affected by VS.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of stem cells for VS treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on vegetative state.
  • Analysis of stem cell applications in neurological conditions.
  • Consideration of challenges and limitations in stem cell therapy for VS.

Main Results:

  • Stem cell approaches offer potential for repairing damaged brain circuitry in VS.
  • Understanding VS pathophysiology is key to developing effective stem cell interventions.
  • Long-term repair is a potential benefit due to the chronic nature of VS.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell therapy presents a promising avenue for treating VS.
  • Addressing limitations such as the lack of animal models and long-term clinical studies is crucial.
  • Further research is needed to fully evaluate the safety and efficacy of stem cells for VS.