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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Bladder and vaginal transitional cell carcinoma: A case report.

Fouad Aoun1, Hampig Raphael Kourie1, Elie El Rassy1

  • 1Department of Urology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1000, Belgium.

Oncology Letters
|September 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This case study details bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) with a secondary vaginal TCC. Management involved radical surgery, highlighting challenges in understanding vaginal TCC origins.

Keywords:
bladder cancerlocal invasionmetastasissecond primarytransitional cell carcinomavaginal cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Uro-oncology
  • Gynecologic oncology

Background:

  • Female genital tract involvement in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is uncommon but linked to poor prognosis.
  • Vaginal TCC, though rare, is the most frequent gynecologic manifestation, accounting for 4% of TCC cases.
  • Understanding the pathogenesis of vaginal TCC is crucial for effective management and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of metachronous bladder and vaginal TCC in a female patient.
  • To analyze the potential origins of vaginal TCC: local invasion, secondary primary tumor, or direct implantation.
  • To determine an appropriate management plan for this complex case.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a patient with a history of high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer treated with BCG.
  • Description of persistent disease despite further BCG treatment, leading to surgical intervention.
  • Radical anterior pelvectomy and bilateral pelvic/inguinal lymph node dissection.

Main Results:

  • Pathologic examination revealed TCC of the bladder neck invading the anterior vaginal wall.
  • The study reviewed and analyzed differential diagnoses including local invasion, secondary primary vaginal TCC, and urinary implantation.
  • A comprehensive management plan was formulated based on the findings.

Conclusions:

  • Metachronous vaginal TCC presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • Distinguishing between direct invasion, secondary primary, or implantation is critical for patient management.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches are essential for optimizing treatment strategies in TCC involving the female genital tract.