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Recent Advances in Oncogenic Roles of the TRPM7 Chanzyme
Mathieu Gautier1, Marianne Perrière, Michael Monet
1University of Picardie Jules Verne, F-80039, France.
Abstract:
Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-related 7 (TRPM7) is a non-selective cation channel fused with a functional kinase domain. Physiologically, TRPM7 channel is involved in magnesium homeostasis, cell survival and gastrulation. The channel part is responsible for calcium, magnesium, and metal trace entries. Cation current through TRPM7 channel is inhibited by both intracellular magnesium and magnesium complexed with nucleotides. In parallel, the kinase is able to phosphorylate cytoskeleton proteins like myosin chain regulating cell tension and motility. Moreover, TRPM7 kinase domain can be cleaved by caspase and participates to apoptosis signaling. Importantly, TRPM7 channel expression is aberrant in numerous cancers including breast, glioblastoma, nasopharynx, ovarian, and pancreatic. Moreover, TRPM7 high expression is an independent biomarker of poor outcome in breast cancer. Pharmacological modulation or silencing of TRPM7 strongly affects proliferation, adhesion, migration or invasion in cancer cell lines. Nevertheless, it is still not clear by which mechanism TRPM7 channels may disturb cancer cell hallmarks. In the present review, we will discuss the role of TRPM7 channels in malignancies. In particular, we will distinguish the role of cation signaling from kinase function in order to better understand how TRPM7 channels may play a central role in cancer progression. We will also discuss the recent advances in pharmacological blockers of TRPM7 and their potential use for cancer therapy.
Insights
Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-related 7 (TRPM7) channels are implicated in cancer progression. This review explores TRPM7's dual role in cation signaling and kinase function, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in malignancies.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
- Oncology
Background:
- Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-related 7 (TRPM7) is a bifunctional protein with both ion channel and kinase activities.
- TRPM7 plays physiological roles in magnesium homeostasis, cell survival, and motility.
- Aberrant TRPM7 expression is observed in various cancers, correlating with poor prognosis in breast cancer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted role of TRPM7 channels in cancer progression.
- To elucidate the distinct contributions of TRPM7's cation signaling and kinase functions in malignancies.
- To discuss emerging pharmacological strategies targeting TRPM7 for cancer therapy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating TRPM7 in cancer.
- Analysis of TRPM7's channel activity (ion transport) and kinase activity (protein phosphorylation).
- Examination of TRPM7's impact on cancer cell hallmarks like proliferation, migration, and invasion.
Main Results:
- TRPM7 channel activity influences cation influx, affecting cellular processes critical for cancer.
- TRPM7 kinase phosphorylates substrates like myosin, regulating cell tension and motility in cancer cells.
- TRPM7 cleavage by caspase contributes to apoptosis signaling pathways relevant to cancer.
Conclusions:
- TRPM7 plays a significant role in cancer progression through both its channel and kinase functions.
- Understanding the specific mechanisms of TRPM7 in cancer is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
- Pharmacological inhibitors of TRPM7 show promise as a novel approach for cancer treatment.
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