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Related Concept Videos

Bias01:22

Bias

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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
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Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

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Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
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Confirmation Biases01:31

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Correspondence Bias01:17

Correspondence Bias

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Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the...
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Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

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Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
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Self-Serving Bias01:29

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Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...
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Comparing Bibliometric Analysis Using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Databases
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Journal bias or author bias?

Ian Harris1

  • 1Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of New South Wales, PO Box 906, Caringbah, NSW, 2229, Australia,. ianharris@unsw.edu.au.

Indian Journal of Medical Ethics
|September 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Medical journal publication decisions may be biased by commercial conflicts of interest (CoIs). Even journals with strict policies, like the New England Journal of Medicine, may face scrutiny, suggesting widespread potential for bias in scientific publishing.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Ethics
  • Scientific Publishing
  • Journal Bias

Background:

  • Concerns exist regarding bias and conflicts of interest (CoIs) in medical journal publications.
  • Mark Wilson's comment in the Indian Journal of Medical Ethics highlights potential bias in publication decisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the claim that commercial conflicts of interest (CoIs) influence medical journal publication decisions.
  • To examine the case of the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) as an example in the discussion of journal bias.

Main Methods:

  • Review of commentary by Mark Wilson in the Indian Journal of Medical Ethics.
  • Analysis of the NEJM's policies and publications on conflicts of interest.

Main Results:

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  • The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), despite having strict CoI policies, was targeted in the discussion.
  • The targeting of NEJM suggests a broader concern that if such a journal can be influenced, others may be as well.

Conclusions:

  • Commercial conflicts of interest (CoIs) pose a potential threat to unbiased decision-making in medical journal publications.
  • The scrutiny of even highly regulated journals like the NEJM indicates a need for continued vigilance against bias in scientific publishing.