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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

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Vaccines and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.

Mia Topsøe Mailand¹, Jette Lautrup Frederiksen²

¹University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Journal of Neurology

|September 9, 2016

Summary

Vaccinations against various diseases, including hepatitis B and MMR, do not increase the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) or MS relapse. Further research is needed for BCG, tetanus, and diphtheria vaccines.

Keywords:

Immunization Multiple sclerosis Vaccination

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Published on: February 19, 2021

Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology
Public Health

Background:

Vaccinations are crucial for disease prevention.
Concerns exist regarding potential links between vaccines and neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS).

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the scientific literature on the association between vaccinations and the risk of developing MS.
To evaluate the impact of vaccinations on MS relapse rates.

Main Methods:

A systematic literature review was conducted.
The PubMed database was searched for relevant studies.

Main Results:

No increased risk of developing MS was found following vaccination against hepatitis B virus, human papillomavirus, seasonal influenza, measles-mumps-rubella, variola, tetanus, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), polio, or diphtheria.
No increased risk of MS relapse was observed after influenza vaccination.

Conclusions:

Current evidence suggests no causal link between common vaccinations and MS development or relapse.
Further investigation is warranted for the therapeutic potential of BCG and preventive potential of tetanus and diphtheria vaccines in MS.