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Slow-growth high-mortality: A meta-analysis for insects.

Ke-Wei Chen1, Yigen Chen2

  • 1College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.

Insect Science
|September 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The slow growth-high mortality hypothesis is not universally supported in insects. Its applicability depends on specific conditions, such as herbivore diet, growth measurement, and natural enemy interactions.

Keywords:
feeding ecologynatural enemyparasitoidpredatortritrophic interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Entomology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The slow growth-high mortality (SG-HM) hypothesis posits that slower-growing herbivores face higher mortality due to extended vulnerability.
  • Empirical evidence for the SG-HM hypothesis is mixed, suggesting its applicability varies across different plant-herbivore-natural enemy systems.
  • Diverse feeding ecologies of herbivores and natural enemies may influence the validity of the SG-HM hypothesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis of the SG-HM hypothesis specifically for insects.
  • To identify conditions under which the SG-HM hypothesis is supported or rejected in insect systems.
  • To understand the heterogeneity in empirical support for the SG-HM hypothesis.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was performed on existing studies investigating the SG-HM hypothesis in insects.
  • Explanatory variables related to herbivore characteristics, host plants, and natural enemies were analyzed.
  • Within- and between-group heterogeneity was assessed for various factors.

Main Results:

  • The meta-analysis did not generally support the SG-HM hypothesis for insects, revealing significant heterogeneity.
  • SG-HM was supported under specific conditions: artificial diets, larval mass as growth measure, generalist herbivores, and involvement of no or multiple natural enemy species, or gregarious parasitoids.
  • SG-HM was rejected when herbivores were Hymenoptera, mortality involved multiple parasitoid orders, parasitoids were specialists, solitary, idiobionts/koinobionts, or when single natural enemies attacked specialist herbivores.

Conclusions:

  • The SG-HM hypothesis requires nuanced consideration of ecological context, as it is not universally applicable to insects.
  • Future research should focus on the entire herbivore life cycle and incorporate multiple biotic and abiotic mortality factors for a comprehensive understanding.
  • Life table studies monitoring herbivore mortality throughout their susceptibility window are encouraged to refine our understanding of growth-mortality relationships.