Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

53.2K
Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
53.2K
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

39
In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
39
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

26.6K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
26.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Curvature-aware window identification and variable feed-rate modulation for ultra-precision turning of microlens arrays.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Investigation on deformation mechanism and filling behavior in precision glass molding of D-K9 microlens arrays.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Diffractive approach to design astigmatism-correction intraocular lenses.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Deformation analysis method for precision injection molding of optical plastic lenses with a multi section approach based on warpage and shrinkage behavior.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Design of a uniform illumination lens based on the hypothetical point source ensemble method.

Applied optics·2025
Same author

Design of a three-component movable continuous zoom hybrid system with a double-layer diffractive optical element in a dual-band.

Applied optics·2025
Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces
09:33

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Published on: June 7, 2019

6.8K

Diffraction efficiency sensitivity to oblique incident angle for multilayer diffractive optical elements.

Hongfang Yang, Changxi Xue, Chuang Li

    Applied Optics
    |September 9, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The effective area method accurately analyzes multilayer diffractive optical elements (MLDOEs) under varying incident angles. This method accounts for the shield effect, improving upon scalar diffraction theory for finite-period MLDOEs.

    More Related Videos

    Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System
    12:08

    Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

    Published on: July 18, 2015

    11.2K
    Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
    08:01

    Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

    Published on: November 21, 2019

    7.8K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

    Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces
    09:33

    Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

    Published on: June 7, 2019

    6.8K
    Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System
    12:08

    Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

    Published on: July 18, 2015

    11.2K
    Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
    08:01

    Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

    Published on: November 21, 2019

    7.8K

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Electromagnetism
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Multilayer diffractive optical elements (MLDOEs) are crucial components in various optical systems.
    • Understanding their diffraction efficiency under arbitrary incident angles is essential for performance optimization.
    • Existing scalar diffraction theories have limitations when considering finite period widths.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To numerically analyze the relationship between diffraction efficiency of MLDOEs and arbitrary incident angles.
    • To introduce and validate the effective area method for MLDOEs.
    • To compare the effective area method with scalar diffraction theory and rigorous electromagnetic analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Numerical analysis using the effective area method, which considers the shield effect between MLDOE elements.
    • Generalized diffraction efficiency formulation for a wide range of tilt angles.
    • Comparison with scalar diffraction theory and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for validation.

    Main Results:

    • The effective area method provides a generalized diffraction efficiency formulation overcoming scalar theory limitations.
    • The shield effect increases with incident angles.
    • Incident angle effects are more pronounced in MLDOEs with finite period widths compared to large ones.

    Conclusions:

    • The effective area method is a valid and effective approach for analyzing MLDOEs under arbitrary incident angles.
    • The shield effect plays a significant role in the angular dependency of MLDOEs, especially those with finite periods.
    • This work enhances the understanding and design of MLDOEs for diverse optical applications.