Transverse stability of the carpus. An analytical study

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Orthopedic research
• Anatomy

Background:

• The transverse carpal arch is crucial for wrist function.
• Understanding its stabilizing structures is key to treating wrist injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the stabilizing structures of the transverse carpal arch.
• To determine the role of specific ligaments in carpal stability.

Main Methods:

• Utilized a rigid body spring model for analysis.
• Simulated dorsopalmar compression to assess carpal structures.
• Quantified relative bone motion, joint forces, and ligament tensions.

Main Results:

• Sectioning the flexor retinaculum alone had minimal impact on carpal stability.
• Isolated removal of the palmar hamate-capitate ligament significantly weakened the carpal structure.
• Combined removal of the flexor retinaculum and a palmar ligament caused gross instability.

Conclusions:

• The palmar hamate-capitate ligament is critical for transverse carpal arch stability.
• The flexor retinaculum plays a lesser role in resisting dorsopalmar compression compared to intrinsic carpal ligaments.