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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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On-Chip Endothelial Inflammatory Phenotyping
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To Study Endothelial Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

S S Nelson1, A K Khan2

  • 1Senior Resident.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|September 10, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) exhibit increased vascular stiffness, a sign of premature aging, due to chronic inflammation. This arterial stiffness contributes to higher cardiovascular risks in RA patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Rheumatology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is linked to increased morbidity and mortality, primarily from cardiovascular events.
  • Endothelial dysfunction, an early sign of atherosclerosis, can be assessed noninvasively using pulse wave analysis.
  • The chronic inflammatory state in RA may impact vascular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess endothelial function and vascular reactivity in RA patients without pre-existing cardiovascular disease.
  • To investigate the influence of chronic inflammation on endothelial function in rheumatoid arthritis.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 62 RA patients and 18 healthy controls.
  • Measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV), reflection index (RI), and augmentation or stiffness index (SI) using waveform analyzers.
  • Assessment of baseline vascular parameters and vasodilatory response.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in heart-brachial or brachial-ankle PWV between RA patients and controls.
  • RA patients showed a higher reflection index (RI) compared to controls.
  • Stiffness index (SI) was significantly higher in RA patients (7.94 ± 1.20) than in controls (6.75 ± 0.65), with higher SI correlating with active disease markers (DAS28, ESR, CRP).

Conclusions:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis patients with active disease, even without cardiovascular risk factors, demonstrate premature vascular aging indicated by increased arterial stiffness.
  • The inflammatory processes inherent to RA are implicated as the cause of this increased vascular stiffness.
  • Elevated arterial stiffness in RA is suggested to contribute to the heightened cardiovascular mortality and morbidity observed in these patients.