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An extended patch-dynamic framework for food chains in fragmented landscapes.

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Habitat fragmentation and loss accelerate species extinction, particularly for higher trophic levels. Fragmentation effects are most pronounced at intermediate levels of habitat loss, impacting species occupancy.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Theoretical Ecology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Habitat destruction is a primary driver of species loss, comprising patch loss and fragmentation.
  • Metacommunity models traditionally focus on patch loss, neglecting fragmentation's impact on food webs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an extended patch-dynamic model incorporating dispersal and connectivity to study fragmentation effects.
  • To investigate how habitat fragmentation influences species occupancy in food webs.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an extended patch-dynamic model with colonization-extinction-predation dynamics and species dispersal.
  • Incorporated patch connectivity to simulate fragmented landscapes.
  • Performed spatially explicit simulations for comparison.

Main Results:

  • Higher trophic level species go extinct faster with increased patch loss and fragmentation.
  • Fragmentation's impact on species occupancy is mainly driven by patch loss.
  • Maximal fragmentation effects on species occupancy occur at intermediate patch loss.

Conclusions:

  • The extended model successfully predicts community patterns in fragmented landscapes.
  • The framework advances metacommunity theory by including fragmentation effects.
  • This approach can model complex food webs in fragmented habitats, aiding conservation efforts.