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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Some current challenges facing the athlete and their doctor.

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Clinical considerations for the ageing athlete.

Shane P Brun

    Australian Family Physician
    |September 10, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Older adults are increasingly engaging in high-intensity sports. Clinicians must understand aging physiology and individual factors to ensure safe participation for the aging athlete.

    Area of Science:

    • Sports Medicine
    • Gerontology
    • Exercise Physiology

    Background:

    • Growing participation of older adults in high-intensity sports.
    • Need for clinicians to understand age-related physiological changes.
    • Consideration of patient expectations, comorbidities, and medications is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Highlight key aspects of maintaining physical activity for older adults.
    • Address the unique needs and risks of the aging athlete in high-intensity activities.
    • Provide guidance on catering to these needs and mitigating risks.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review on aging physiology and sports participation.
    • Analysis of risk factors and protective strategies for older athletes.

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  • Synthesis of clinical considerations for advising aging athletes.
  • Main Results:

    • Aging impacts physiological responses to high-intensity exercise.
    • Individualized approaches are necessary due to varying health statuses.
    • Proactive management can minimize risks associated with intense physical activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Physical activity is a vital public health intervention for all ages.
    • Safe and optimal participation of the aging athlete in high-intensity activities is an increasing clinical expectation.
    • Clinicians play a key role in supporting active aging.