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Hepatitis Virus Infections in Poultry.
Danielle M Yugo1, Ruediger Hauck2, H L Shivaprasad3
1A Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913.
Avian Diseases
|September 10, 2016
Summary
This review examines various poultry hepatitis viruses, including avian HEV, DHBV, DHAV, and FAdV. Understanding their unique features is crucial for preventing and controlling these significant poultry diseases.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Hepatology
- Poultry Pathology
Background:
- Poultry viral hepatitis encompasses diseases caused by diverse viruses affecting the liver.
- Viruses include avian hepatitis E virus (HEV), duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), fowl adenoviruses (FAdV), and turkey hepatitis virus (THV).
- These viruses, while targeting the liver, exhibit distinct clinical and biological characteristics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the common and unique features of major poultry hepatitis viruses.
- To identify knowledge gaps in poultry viral hepatitis.
- To aid in the prevention and control strategies for these diseases.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of viral hepatitis in poultry.
- Analysis of clinical, biological, and pathological features of causative agents.
- Comparative assessment of different poultry hepatitis viruses.
Main Results:
- Avian HEV causes hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in chickens.
- DHBV serves as a model for human hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
- DHAV and duck astroviruses cause high mortality in young ducks.
- FAdV leads to inclusion body hepatitis with characteristic lesions.
- Turkey hepatitis virus (THV) pathogenesis remains largely uncharacterized.
Conclusions:
- Poultry viral hepatitis is a complex syndrome with diverse causative agents.
- Each virus presents unique challenges for diagnosis and control.
- Further research is needed for diagnostic assays, propagation methods, and vaccine development.
