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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Differentiating Closed Versus Open Spinal Dysraphisms on Fetal MRI.

Usha D Nagaraj1, Karin S Bierbrauer1, Jose L Peiro1

  • 11 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026.

AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
|September 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Fetal MRI reveals key differences between open and closed spinal dysraphisms. Closed types show a continuous sac wall and thicker walls, while open types have more posterior fossa anomalies and ventriculomegaly.

Keywords:
fetal MRIlipomyelomeningocelespinal dysraphism

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Developmental Biology
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Spinal dysraphisms are congenital abnormalities affecting spinal cord development.
  • Accurate prenatal diagnosis is crucial for management and outcomes.
  • Fetal Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging offers detailed anatomical visualization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate distinguishing features of open versus closed spinal dysraphisms on fetal MR imaging.
  • To compare imaging findings to guide prenatal diagnosis and counseling.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of fetal MR images for spinal dysraphisms.
  • Correlation with postnatal imaging, clinical, and operative reports.
  • Comparison of imaging characteristics between open and closed types.

Main Results:

  • Closed spinal dysraphisms (n=16) frequently showed a continuous epidermal/subcutaneous sac wall (93.8%) and thicker sac walls (2.9 ± 1.3 mm).
  • Open spinal dysraphisms (n=90) demonstrated higher rates of posterior fossa anomalies (95.6%) and ventriculomegaly (85.6%).
  • OEIS complex was associated with closed spinal dysraphisms (37.5%), but not open types.

Conclusions:

  • Fetal MR imaging can differentiate open and closed spinal dysraphisms based on sac wall characteristics and associated anomalies.
  • Closed spinal dysraphisms present with a thicker, continuous sac wall and are linked to OEIS complex.
  • Open spinal dysraphisms are more commonly associated with posterior fossa anomalies and ventriculomegaly.