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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Cancer stem cell signaling pathways.

William H Matsui1

  • 1The Matsui Laboratory, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

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|September 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stem cell regulation is vital for tissue homeostasis. Dysregulated signaling pathways, including Janus-activated kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), contribute to cancer stem cell (CSC) survival and tumor generation.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Cancer biology
  • Molecular signaling pathways

Background:

  • Stem cells are crucial for tissue development and homeostasis, possessing self-renewal and differentiation capabilities.
  • Proper regulation of stem cell functions is essential for normal biological activity.
  • Several key signaling pathways, including JAK/STAT, Hedgehog, Wnt, Notch, PI3K/PTEN, and NF-κB, govern stem cell properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of key signaling pathways in stem cell regulation.
  • To explore the dysregulation of these pathways in cancer.
  • To understand the contribution of aberrant signaling to cancer stem cell (CSC) survival and tumor formation.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental validation of signaling pathway involvement in stem cell properties.
  • Analysis of signaling pathway dysregulation in cancer contexts.
  • Investigation of the link between signaling pathways and CSC characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Specific signaling pathways (JAK/STAT, Hedgehog, Wnt, Notch, PI3K/PTEN, NF-κB) experimentally shown to mediate stem cell self-renewal, differentiation, survival, and proliferation.
  • Dysregulation of these critical pathways is frequently observed in various cancers.
  • Aberrant signaling within and among these pathways is implicated in the survival and function of cancer stem cells.

Conclusions:

  • Key signaling pathways are critical regulators of stem cell function.
  • Dysregulation of these pathways in cancer contributes to the emergence and maintenance of cancer stem cells.
  • Targeting these aberrant pathways may offer therapeutic strategies against cancers driven by CSCs.