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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library
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Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library

Published on: April 6, 2012

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MicroRNA and Metastasis.

L Ma1

  • 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.

Advances in Cancer Research
|September 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate cellular processes and are crucial in cancer development and metastasis. Understanding these "oncomirs" and "metastamirs" offers potential therapeutic strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Noncoding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), are key regulators of cellular functions.
  • While some miRNAs are vital for development, others are implicated in pathological conditions like cancer, including tumorigenesis and metastasis.
  • miRNA genes are frequently located at fragile chromosomal sites and exhibit deregulation in cancerous cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functions and mechanisms of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer.
  • To highlight the roles of specific miRNAs as oncogenes (oncomirs) and metastasis regulators (metastamirs).
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of miRNAs in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on miRNA functions in cellular processes and disease.
Keywords:
Epithelial–mesenchymal transitionMetastamirMetastasisMicroRNAOncomir

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  • Analysis of miRNA involvement in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and cancer-associated pathways.
  • Examination of exosome-mediated miRNA transfer in tumor-stroma interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • miRNAs regulate gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
    • Certain miRNAs, termed oncomirs and metastamirs, drive cancer progression and metastasis.
    • Exosome-delivered miRNAs mediate communication between tumor and stromal cells.

    Conclusions:

    • MicroRNAs play significant roles in cancer, acting as both oncogenes and tumor suppressors.
    • Oncomirs and metastamirs represent critical targets for cancer therapy.
    • Targeting miRNA pathways, including exosome-mediated transfer, holds promise for future cancer treatments.